Ok, sorry for the delayed response when you've been so responsive and helpful. I've followed your advice and tried making a full new Skyrim.ini file by making a SkyrimOld.ini and relaunching the game. After doing so, I did notice my .ini file was incomplete, but am still having the same error. Below is my new combined Skyrim.ini:
[General]
sLanguage=ENGLISH
fFlickeringLightDistance=8192
uExterior Cell Buffer=36
[Display]
fShadowLODMaxStartFade=1000.0
fSpecularLODMaxStartFade=2000.0
fLightLODMaxStartFade=3500.0
iShadowMapResolutionPrimary=2048
bAllowScreenshot=1
fDecalLifetime=256.000
fDefaultWorldFOV=76
fDefault1stPersonFOV=76
fSunShadowUpdateTime=0.000
fSunUpdateThreshold=0.200
sD3DDevice="NVIDIA GeForce GTX 1070"
[Combat]
f1PArrowTiltUpAngle=0.7
f3PArrowTiltUpAngle=1.5
f1PBoltTiltUpAngle=0.7
f3PBoltTiltUpAngle=1.5
[Audio]
fMusicDuckingSeconds=6.0
fMusicUnDuckingSeconds=8.0
fMenuModeFadeOutTime=3.0
fMenuModeFadeInTime=1.0
[Grass]
b30GrassVS=1
iMaxGrassTypesPerTexure=7
bAllowCreateGrass=1
bAllowLoadGrass=0
[Water]
bReflectLODObjects=1
bReflectLODLand=1
bReflectSky=0
bReflectLODTrees=1
[Weather]
fSunBaseSize=150
fSunGlareSize=150
[Archive]
sResourceArchiveList=Skyrim - Misc.bsa, Skyrim - Shaders.bsa, Skyrim - Textures.bsa, Skyrim - Interface.bsa, Skyrim - Animations.bsa, Skyrim - Meshes.bsa, Skyrim - Sounds.bsa, HighResTexturePack01.bsa, HighResTexturePack02.bsa
sResourceArchiveList2=Skyrim - Voices.bsa, Skyrim - VoicesExtra.bsa
[Combat]
fMagnetismStrafeHeadingMult=0.0
fMagnetismLookingMult=0.0
[Papyrus]
fPostLoadUpdateTimeMS=500.0
bEnableLogging=0
bEnableTrace=0
bLoadDebugInformation=0Something interesting in the error I'm getting (go ahead and ignore my profile's name lol): https://imgur.com/VFe7MI0 And then looking in my Skyrim game folder: https://imgur.com/13FXxQO I don't know if this could be impacting this though. I doubt the textures rely on the game's .exe to be present?